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Ljubiša Kukulj
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Notes from fifteen years of designing dense systems: identity, payments, sport, e-commerce. One argument per article, tested on live products.

Two overlapping circles that do not quite align, one outlined in yellow
The mental model your user already has

Users arrive with a model of how your product works before they see a single screen. When your structure disagrees with it, they do not learn yours. They work around it.

12 August 2026
A continuous line interrupted by a single yellow block placed deliberately in the gap
When friction is the feature

Removing steps is the default instinct in product design. In flows where the action cannot be undone, the step you delete is often the one holding the whole thing up.

24 June 2026
A dense grid of small rows with one row picked out in yellow
The back office deserves your best work

Internal tools get the leftover design budget and the leftover thinking. They are also where the business actually runs, and where good design pays back fastest.

6 May 2026
Concentric rings radiating from a single yellow point, one ring picked out in yellow
Designing for numbers you cannot picture

At a large enough audience, every default is a policy, every edge case happens thousands of times a day, and a change that tests well can still be the wrong change.

18 March 2026
A grid of outlined modules with one yellow module rotated out of alignment
A design system is a governance problem

Most design systems do not fail on craft. The components are fine. They fail because nobody decided who is allowed to change them, and what happens when a team needs something that does not exist.

27 January 2026
Several faint branching paths from a single point with one path drawn in yellow
Screens are the output, not the work

The further you get in this profession, the smaller the proportion of your time that involves drawing anything. Here is what replaces it, and why that is not a loss.

19 November 2025
Ljubiša Kukulj

New articles on product design, a few times a year. No spam.

Product Experience Designer. Fifteen years across fintech, digital identity, e-commerce and sport, designing dense systems people understand on the first try.

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